Kulwinder Singh What is Exceptionalism? Exceptionalism is an idea that certain disciplines are exceptional in a sense that they study a particular aspect of events and phenomenon which is not studied by other disciplines. Immanuel Kant is considered the father of exceptionalism. He claimed that the geography and history are exceptional in a manner that geography focusses … Read more
What is El Nino? El Nino is a recurring warm ocean current on the west coast of Ecuador, Peru and Chile. Normally on the western coast of Latin America, a cold current flows from the south pacific ocean towards the equator. This cold current is known as Humboldt Cold Current (Fig. 1). The Humboldt current … Read more
Tropic of Cancer divides India in almost two halves i.e. North and South India. It passes through 8 states of India. The names of these states are as following from West to East. Gujarat Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Jharkhand West Bengal Tripura Mizoram Important Facts About Tropic of Cancer It is at 23 1/2 degree … Read more
Harris and Ullman proposed Multiple Nuclei Model in their paper The Nature of Cities (1945) to explain the morphology of a city. They argued that the land use pattern is much more complex than the model given by Burgress, Hoyt & Davis. They observed that the land use pattern is neither in concentric zones or … Read more
Homer Hoyt and M.R. Davis proposed the sector model of urban morphology in 1939. This model was based on observations from 64 cities in the USA. He modified the Concentric Zone Model by Burgess in combination with the impact of transport routes on urban morphology and came up with their own Wedge or Sector Model. … Read more
E.W. Burgess proposed the Concentric zone theory in 1925. This model is also known as ecological theory of city structure or urban morphology. The primary concern of this model was to map the urban social problem i.e. vices and crime in Chicago city. To map the vices and crimes, Burgess mapped the different zone of … Read more
R.P. Mishra gave his growth foci model in response to ideas of Perroux. Growth pole theory by Perroux was widely adopted by western scholars of his time. Boudeville tried to add spatial dimension to this theory but did not take into consideration that elaborate process of trickle down. R.P. Mishra, an Indian Geographer realized that … Read more
Boudeville growth pole theory provides geographic sense to growth pole. Boudeville gave specific geographic and regional character to the growth pole. Perroux’s ideas in Perroux’s Growth Pole Theory does not specify the geographic extent of the growth pole. Boudeville tried to supplement Perroux’s idea by providing geographic dimension. He wrote his ideas in his book … Read more
The growth pole theory was postulated by Francois Perroux in 1955. He considered growth pole as key driver of economic activities and development in a region. Basic idea behind his theory is that the growth in a large city propels the growth in the all the areas surrounding the large city due to exchange of … Read more
What are Corals and Coral Reefs? Coral or coral polyps are lime secreting small marine invertebrates. Their dead bodies result in built up of coral reefs. They live in large colonies. When these corals die, their skeleton accumulate on one site. The continued accumulation and compaction of these skeletons leads to the formation of coral … Read more